单核苷酸多态性在法医学领域的应用前景

Prospect of Single Nucleotide Polymorphismss in Forensical Application

法医学的样本通常已经高度腐败降解或是只残留很少的DNA,因此,需要改变原有的遗传标记和分析方法,以便更好地应用于日常工作和案件。单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)为法医DNA分析提供了可能。SNPs标记将在具有挑战性的法医学样本分析中发挥重要作用,如分析过度降解的检材,提高对于身份不明和走失者亲缘关系鉴定的能力,或在某些案件中提供嫌疑人的线索等。SNPs分析检验技术主要有DNA芯片技术、寡核苷酸连接检验、MALDI-TOFMS技术和Taq Man荧光探针技术等,其法医学应用可分为个体识别、亲权鉴定、个体生物地理起源、个体表型特点和特殊案件检验五个方面。

Forensic samples that contain too little template DNA or are too degraded, and require alternate genetic marker analyses or approaches to what is currently used for routine casework. Single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） offer promise to support forensic DNA analyses. The SNPs markers will serve an important role in analyzing challenging forensic samples, such as those that are quite degraded, for aug menting the power of kinship analyses and family reconstructions for missing persons and unidentified hu man remains, as well as for providing investigative lead value and so on in some cases without a suspect. These technologies of SNPs analysis inclued the DNA Chip technology, the oligonucleotide ligation assay （OLA）, the MALDITOFMS technology and the Taq Man technology,etc. The SNPs for forensic analyses can be divided into five categories, identitytesting SNPs,identification in disputed paternity, individual bi ological geographical origin, individual phenotypic characteristics and special case inspection.