CD163受体在PRRSV入侵过程中的作用机制

Mechnism of Receptor CD163 in PRRSV Invasion Process

CD163是仅在单核细胞/巨噬细胞系统细胞膜上发现的跨膜分子,是清道夫受体超家族成员。CD163不仅与内源性配体结合,调节炎症反应,还能作为细菌、病毒的受体,与外源性配体结合。CD163是PRRSV重要的受体分子,在病毒脱衣壳和基因组释放过程起关键性作用,能够使PRRSV在非敏感细胞系中复制。近年来,在CD163结合的PRRSV囊膜糖蛋白以及相关结合功能区等领域取得了很多研究成果,为研究PRRSV入侵细胞的机制,描绘病毒在细胞中的复制过程,揭示病毒的致病机制奠定了重要基础。

CD163 is a monocyte/macrophage-restricted membrane protein belonging to the scavenger recep tor eysteine-rich （SRCR） domain family. CD163 binds not only to endogenous in the inflammatory re sponse, but also to exogenous ligands such as bacteria and viruses. CD163 was shown to be a cellular re ceptor capable of mediating infection of otherwise PRRSV non-permissive cell lines, and be involved in PRRSV entry and uncoating. Several studies in recent years have confirmed a pivotal role for CD163 in the initiation of PRRSV infection, and discovered the molecular interactions between CD163 domains and spe cific viral proteins, which provide strong foundation for elucidating the fully process of viral entry and, replication.