儿童呼吸道变应性疾病常见变应原临床分析

Clinical analysis of common allergies in respiratory allergic diseases of children

目的探讨儿童呼吸道变应性疾病变应原的分布情况及哮喘致病相关因素。方法选择室内尘螨等18种常见的变应原,对成都市儿童医院2008年1月～2010年1月共1211例呼吸道变应性疾病患儿行SPT试验,计算各变应原阳性率,并采用SPSS 13.0软件对哮喘相关数据进行单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析。对不同性别及年龄段进行Cochran Mantel Haenszel检验对比分析。结果变应原阳性率居前三位的变应原分别为:屋尘螨646例(53.34%)、粉尘螨618例(51.03%)、热带螨508例(41.95%);屋尘螨、花粉Ⅰ、小蠊、鸡蛋、虾对哮喘的发病有意义;对变应原的过敏程度,>6岁组明显高于≤6岁组(P<0.05);女性患儿小蠊和霉菌Ⅰ的阳性率明显低于男性患儿。结论螨类为成都地区儿童呼吸道变应性疾病最常见变应原。不同种类疾病、不同年龄和性别的致敏变应原有显著差异。

Objective To explore the distribution of correlation of common allergies and ashma.Methods 1211 cases received SPT,who collecteced from Chengdu children′s hospital from January1st,2008 to January 1st,2010.SPT was performed with a panel of allergens including dermatophagoides,torrid zone mite and so on.The SPT findings were used for calculate positive incidences of allergens.The correlation of the allergen and asthma was analyzed by logistic regression,the allergens in different sex and different age was analyzed by Cochran Mantel Haenszel Statis2 tics.Results The prevalence of allergens were following：the fisrt was house dust mite（53.34%）,dermatophagoides farinae followed（51.03%）,the third one was torrid zone mite（41.95%）.House dust mite,pollenⅠ,cockroach,egg,shrimp had strong relationship with asthma.The different age（6years and ≤6years） showed significant differences（P〈0.05） in 15 allergens.The different sex showed significant differences（P〈0.05） in 2 allergens： cockroach and mouldⅠ.Conclusion Dustmites are the most prevalent causative allergen,and raise the risk of allergic asthma in Chengdu area.There are significant differences in the reaction of SPT between different diseases,different age and different sex.