产科医院感染的危险因素分析和防治对策

The analysis of the risk factors and nursing strategies of nosocomial infections in obstetrics

目的分析产科患者医院感染的危险因素并探讨相应的防治对策及其临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院2010年1月～2012年3月间发生的的31例医院内感染的产妇的临床资料,比较不同分娩方式,分娩季节,分娩年龄等对产妇患者发生医院感染情况的影响;并分析观察抗生素使用后感染控制的效果。结果我院2010年1月～2012年3月产科医院内感染的发病率为1.07%,医院感染的发生与季节、分娩方式、有无妊娠合并症显著相关,P<0.01。与产妇分娩年龄无明显相关,P>0.05。分娩方式对医院感染部位的影响差异有统计学意义,P<0.01。发生医院内感染的部位依次为上呼吸道、手术切口、泌尿道、生殖道以及乳腺。结论产科医院感染的发生与个体因素,分娩方式,环境以及抗生素的使用均相关。加强产科病房的空气流通和消毒,准确掌握剖宫产的手术指征,严格无菌操作原则,积极治疗妊娠合并症,合理应用抗生素都是预防产科医院感染的有效措施。

Objective To analyze the the risk factors of nosocomial infections in obstetrics and explore the nursing strategies.Methods 31 cases who acquired nosocomial infections in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively.The different delivery modes,the seasons and the age of the patients were compared,and the use of antibiotics and its effects were analyzed.Results The rate of the nosocomial infections in our hospital was 1.07%.The delivery modes,seasons and pregnancy complication shows significant differences with the nosocomial infections（P〈0.01）,but not the age of the maternal（P〈0.05）.The sites of the infections,including the incisions,upper airway,urinary tract,genital tract and the mammary glands,showed significant differences between cesarean and mediolateral episiotomy.Conclusion The occurrence of nosocomial infections of obstetrics has a relationship with the individual condition of the patients,the delivery season,different delivery modes and the use of antibiotics.Enhancing the air circulation,grasping the indication of cesarean section,active reaction to the treatment of pregnancy complications are effective measurse for prevention of nosocomial infections of obstetrics.