从此在到本有——海德格尔从生存论到存在论的转向

From Dasein to Ereignis: Heidegger's Turning from Existentialism to Ontology

此在和本有是海德格尔前后期哲学的两个关键性概念。从此在到本有的转变体现了海德格尔思想本身的发展脉络,即从生存论到存在论的转变。前期海德格尔的存在的含义是"是",这是一个形而上学概念的残留。他从生存论出发,试图通过此在的向死存在获得本真自我,通过良知和先行的决心把握存在的意义,但最终未能成功。后期海德格尔抛弃了以此在领会存在意义的思路,提出了"本有"这一概念,实际上替代了存在概念。他用本有的时间—游戏—空间、本有之道说分别代替此在的时间性、话语性。作为源初的给予性,本有聚集了天、地、神、人,表达了人与世界的共属一体,具有超越性和主体间性,使存在的意义显现。

Dasein and Ereignis are two key concepts of Heidegger＇ s early and later philosophy respectively. The turning from Dasein to Ereignis represents the development of Heidegger＇ s thinking, i.e. the turning from existentialism to ontology. The meaning of Being in early Heidegger is ＇ being＇ , which is a residual concept of metaphysics. Starting from ex istentialism, he attempted to attain the authentic self through Dasein ＇ s being-toward-death, and grasp the meaning of Being through conscience and anticipatory resoluteness, yet he ended up failing. Later Heidegger discarded the path of gasping the meaning of Being through Dasein, and put forward the concept of Ereignis, which in fact took the place of the concept of Being. He replaced Dasein＇ s temporality and utterance with Ereignis ＇ s play of time-space and saying respectively. As the original givenness, Ereignis gathers sky and earth, divine and mortals, demonstrates the union between human beings and the world, features with transcendence and inter-subjectivity, and makes the meaning of Being manifest.