黄河源区可能最大洪水研究

Study on probable maximum flood in source region of Yellow River

以唐乃亥水文站所控制的黄河源区为研究对象,根据暴雨的物理成因,通过相似过程代换法得到组合暴雨过程,将组合暴雨过程极大化后推求流域可能最大降水过程。在分离出基流和融雪径流后,将黄河源区划分为9个计算单元,各单元采用初损后损法进行产流计算、单位线法进行汇流计算、马斯京根法进行河道洪水演算,建立模拟雨雪混合补给型洪水的水文模型。以流域可能最大降水过程、可能最大融雪流量过程作为模型输入,得到唐乃亥水文站的可能最大洪水。

This study was conducted in the source region of the Yellow River controlled by the Tangnaihai Hydrological Station.Based on the physical cause of rainstorm formation,the combined rainstorm process was obtained using the similar process substitution method,with several sub-processes of typical rainstorms rationally replaced by similar sub-processes of other rainstorms,and the probable maximum precipitation was determined through maximization of the combined rainstorm process.The source region was divided into nine units after the base flow and snowmelt runoff were separated.By combining the loss deduction method with the unit hydrograph and Muskingum methods,a hydrological model was built to simulate the flood with mixed replenishment from rain and snowmelt.Consequently,the probable maximum flood at the Tangnaihai Hydrological Station was deduced by inputting the probable maximum precipitation process and the probable maximum snowmelt runoff process into the model.