北洋政府时期长芦缉私营领导指挥体制述论

Leadership and Command System of Changlu Anti-smuggling Battalion During the Period of Beiyang Government

长芦缉私营为长芦盐区专门负责查缉私盐、维护芦盐产销、保护长芦盐税收入的武装组织。它组建于晚清时期,北洋政府时期得到扩编整编。规模逐渐扩大,各种营制逐步建立健全。其中,其领导指挥体制的发展更显示了其时代特征。该项体制分为上级领导体制和内部指挥系统两种。其上级领导体制在晚清时期实行长芦盐运使一元负责制。到北洋政府时期,随着"善后大借款"五国银行团令北洋当局组建的盐务稽核总所和长芦盐务稽核分所介入长芦盐政的管理,长芦缉私营的上级领导体制由一元领导走向盐务稽核所及长芦运使二元领导制。该营的内部指挥系统主要由缉私统领、管带、队官、队长构成。随着北洋军阀势力的消长,长芦缉私统领也频繁更迭,见证了那个时代的风云变幻。

Changlu Anti-smuggling Battalion was an armed organization in charge of inspection on private salt, maintenance of salt production and sales, protection of salt tax revenue. Established in late Qing Dynasty, it was expanded and reorganized by Beiyang Government. Various internal systems were gradually instituted and improved. Among them, the development of leadership and command system reflected the characteristics of the times. The system was divided into leadership system and internal chain of command. The leadership system adopted the salt transport official accountability system in late Qing Dynasty. During the period of Beiyang Government, along with the ＂Reorganization Loan from a Consortium of Foreign Lenders＂, bank group of five countries commanded that Beiyang authority organize Salt Inspectorate General and Changlu Salt Inspectorate Branch, so as to intervene in Changlu salt administration. Thus, the leadership system was transformed from a unitary system to the binary system of Changlu Salt Inspectorate and Changlu salt transport official. The internal chain of command consisted of anti-smuggling leader, battalion commander, team official and team leaders. With the decline and increase of Beiyang military forces, Changlu anti-smuggling leaders were frequently changed, which was a witness of the changing era.