宁夏青铜峡灌区管道自流引水畦灌初探

Preliminary Studies on Gravity Irrigation by Pipeline in Border Irrigation of the Ningxia Qingtongxia Irrigation Area

为了探讨管道自流引水畦灌的应用前景,以宁夏青铜峡灌区典型春小麦农田为研究对象,采用管道自流引水畦灌,研究不同畦田规格(2m×50m、3m×50m、3m×30m、5m×30m)对灌水质量和作物水分利用效率的影响,并讨论了该条件下当地春小麦耗水规律。结果表明:春小麦整个生育期内,采用管道自流引水畦灌方式,在分蘖至拔节期中、拔节至孕穗期中、抽穗至开花期末进行灌水量分别为667m3/hm2、1500m3/hm2、900m3/hm2的灌溉,可满足当地春小麦生产需要。而且,在这种畦灌方式条件下,入畦流量虽然只有160L/min左右,但小块畦田(3m×30m、2m×50m)依然能够获得较高的灌水均匀度(88.1%、85.5%)和灌水效率(90.5%、86.8%),进而获得较高的产量(5149.3kg/hm2、5085.5kg/hm2)和水分利用效率(1.07kg/(mm·hm2)、1.05kg/(mm·hm2))。从田间试验角度论证了管道自流引水畦灌能实际应有于合适地区。

For investigating the application prospect of gravity irrigation by pipeline in border irrigation,by taking a spring wheat field in Ningxia Qingtongxia irrigation area as the reach object,in gravity irrigation by pipeline condition,this paper investigated the influences of border dimensions （2 m×50 m,3 m×50 m,3 m× 30 m,5 m×30 m） on irrigation quality and crop water use efficiency,and analyzed laws of evapotranspiration of the local spring wheat.The results showed that,during spring wheat growing period,in gravity irrigation by pipeline condition the fields were irrigated in the middle period from tillering to jointing stage,the middle period from jointing to booting stage and the late period from heading to flowering stage,and irrigation amount were 667m^3/hm^2,1500m^3/hm 2 and 900 m 3 /hm 2 respectively,that were able to meet the needs of local spring wheat production.And in this irrigation condition,the inflow rate was only above 160 L/min,but using smaller area of borders （3m×30m,2m×50m） we could get higher irrigation efficiency （88.1%,85.5%） and irrigation uniformity （90.5%,86.8%）,and hence get higher crop yield （5149.3 kg/hm 2,5085.5 kg/hm 2） and water use efficiency [1.07 kg/（mm·hm 2）,1.05 kg/（mm·hm 2）].Gravity irrigation by pipeline in border irrigation could be used in some suitable area was demonstrated from the field test aspect.