潮白河上游河岸植被缓冲带对氮、磷去除效果研究

The Effects of Riparian Vegetation Buffer Zones on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Reduction in Chaobai River Upstream

为了充分了解河岸植被缓冲带对地表径流污染物的去除效果,采用人工模拟地表径流的方法,在不同污染物浓度条件下,对北京潮白河流域内不同河岸植被缓冲带对地表径流中氮、磷污染物的去除效果进行研究。结果表明:在3种不同立地类型的河岸植被带中,随着植被带宽度的增加,河岸植被缓冲带对地表径流污染物的去除效果呈逐渐增大的趋势,草本缓冲带对磷污染物的削减效果最好,平均去除总磷率达到80.63%;草本缓冲带对氮素污染物的去除效果次之,对总氮和铵态氮的平均去除率分别为75.71%、62.18%;而灌木缓冲带对总氮、磷的削减效果较差,平均去除率分别为62.08%、65.56%。对污染物去除效果大小顺序依次为:草本缓冲带>草灌缓冲带>灌木缓冲带>对照地。结果表明,不同河岸植被缓冲带对地表径流中氮、磷污染物的去除效果各有差异。在对受污染的河流进行生态植被修复时,应当充分考虑当地河流水质污染特点和地表植被特征,从而充分发挥不同河岸植被缓冲带对不同污染物的去除优势。

In order to fully understand the elimination effects of riparian vegetation buffer zones on surface runoff pollutants,the author studied the different riparian vegetation buffer zones on nitrogen and phosphorus reduction of surface runoff by the artificial simulation method in Beijing Chaobai River Basin in different pollutant concentration conditions.The results showed that：riparian vegetation buffer zone on the surface runoff pollutants removal efficiency was increasing gradually with the vegetation belt width increases in three kinds of different site types of riparian vegetation.Herb buffer zone on the phosphorus pollutants reduction effect was best.The average removal phosphorus rate reached 80.63%.Herb buffer zone on the nitrogen removal efficiency of pollutants was second.The total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen removal rate was respectively 75.71%,62.18%.However,bush buffer zone on the total nitrogen,phosphorus reduction effect was poor.The average removal rates were 62.08%,65.56%.Removal efficiency of pollutants in size order：grass buffer strip〉shrub and grass buffer strip〉 shrub buffer zone〉 reference sample.Results showed：different riparian vegetation buffer zone on the nitrogen and phosphorus in surface runoff pollutant removal effect was different.It should fully consider local river water quality pollution characteristics and vegetation characteristics in order to make full use of different riparian vegetation buffer belt to different pollutant removal advantage when the contaminated river ecological vegetation restoration.