“怪”的语法化过程

On the Grammaticalization of Chinese Word "guai"

"怪"的语法化首先由其形容词"奇异的、不常见的"演化而来。"怪"后接的成分除了N或NP,还可以接V或者VP,虽然"怪"的词义并没有发生改变,但是如果某个动词长期处于连动结构,且经常位于"V1+V2"式中的V1位置,那么这个V1就极有可能发展为副词。到了南朝宋时期,"怪"后接的成分由一般性变为表心理活动义的动词,具有了表等级特征的意味。直到明末清初,"怪"后面所接的成分还可以是形容词,并且这种搭配由于其使用的频率越来越高而固化有程度副词的用法。此时"怪"就完成了形容词到程度副词的语法化过程。

The grammaticalization ＂guai＂ is firstly evolved by the adjective ＂strang, unusual＂. In addition to N or NP, the next component after ＂guai＂ can also be connected with V or VP. Although the meaning of ＂guai＂ has not changed yet, if a verb is put in linkage structure in the long term and be often located in the ＂V1＂ position of ＂V1 ＋ V2＂ type, then the V1 is more likely to develop as an adverb. Until the Southern Song period, because of the change of the next component after ＂guai＂ from the general to mental activity verb, ＂guai＂ has the character of ＂grade＂. Until the end of the Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, the collocation of ＂guai＂ can also be adjective, and the usage frequency has become higher, consequently, the usage of degree adverbs is fixed. Finally, ＂guai＂ completes the grammaticalization process from adjective to the degree adverbs.