北朝歌诗的传播

Dissemination of Songs and Poems in the North Dynasties

北朝歌诗不论是"虏音"歌还是汉语歌,在民间主要以徒歌的方式传播,在庙堂则披之以管弦,以乐歌的形式传播。除徒歌或配乐传唱外,口头诵读也是北朝歌诗传播的途径之一。徒歌比之乐歌简单方便,更适应于底层大众;诵读比徒歌又简化了音乐的程序,更简便、直接,适宜于不同文化层次的人口耳传承。尤其像北朝这样文化欠发达的时代,直接的口耳传诵方便又快速,无需借助其他媒介便及时收效。另外,北朝歌诗还有纸质文本的传播,其传播情形大体有两种:一是官方音乐机构整理的各种歌辞集,这是记录乐辞的标准演唱脚本;一是文人编辑整理的总集、别集中对歌诗的收录和传播。

The songs and poems written whether in ＂Lu language＂ or Chinese by people in the North Dynasties are disseminated among people without accompaniment, which is convenient and more suitable for common people. In temples, they are disseminated with music accompaniment. Except for dissemination without accompanies or with accompanies, oral chants are also one of the ways of dissemination, which, compared with dissemination of songs ~thout accompanies, has simpler process and is more direct, and is suitable for people with different cultural back- grounds to share and pass orally. Especially in the North Dynasties, oral dissemination without other media is con- venient and fast. Besides, these poems and songs are also disseminated though texts in two different ways： one is the poetry and songs collected by official musical institute, which is the standard singing script; the other is the syl- loge or anthology collected by scholars.