云南省野鼠型鼠疫自然疫源地蚤类生态学调查

Ecological Investigation of Fleas in the Natural Epidemic Focus of Wild-Rat Type of Plague in Yunnan Province

目的 :调查研究云南省野鼠型自然疫源地蚤类组成、优势蚤种及其空间分布格局。方法 :选择云南省剑川野鼠型自然疫源地的室内及室外农耕区进行小兽体表寄生蚤类调查。小兽与蚤类采集、标本制作和分类鉴定按常规方法进行。空间分布用4种分布型指数测定。结果 :从所捕获的718只小兽体表采获蚤类昆虫749只 ,经分类鉴定 ,隶属3科、8属、8种。褐家鼠是室内生境的主要小兽 ,齐氏姬鼠和大绒鼠是室外农耕地生境的主要小兽。室内生境的优势蚤种是缓慢细蚤 ,室外农耕地生境的优势蚤种是方叶栉眼蚤和特新蚤。优势蚤种在所对应的主要宿主体表呈现为聚集型分布的空间分布格局。结论 :剑川野鼠型鼠疫自然疫源地的蚤类种类组成及优势蚤种与家鼠型鼠疫疫源地有明显差异。

Objective:To investigate the constituent of flea species,the dominant fleas and their spatial distribution patterns in the natural epidemic focus of wild-rat type of plague in Yunnan province.Methods: Selecting Jianchuan County,which is a typical natural focus of wild-rat type of plague in Yunnan Province,to investigate the parasitic fleas on the body surface of small mammals in the indoor and cultivated outdoor habitats.The collection of small mammals and fleas,the making of flea specimens and their identification were carried our in a conventional way.Four common indices about spatial distribution types were used to measure the spatial patterns of the dominant flea species.Results:749 individuals of fleas collected from the body surface of 718 small nammals were identified to be 8 species in 8 genera of 3 families.Rattus norvegicus is the main small mammals in the indoor habitat while Apodemus chevrieri and Eothenomys miletus are main in the cultivated outdoor habitat.The dominant flea species in the indoor habitat is Leptopsylla segnis while the dominants in the cultivated outdoor habitats are Ctenophthalmus quadratus and Neopsylla specialis.The spatial pattens of the dominant flea species on the corresponding main small mammal hosts are all aggregated distribution.Conclusions:The constituent of flea species and the dominant flea species in the natural epidemic focus of wild-type of plague in Jianchuan of Yunnan Province is prominently different from those in the epidemic focus of house-rat type of plague.The aggregated distribution pattern on the body surface of small nammals is a common phenomenon.