论中国反兴奋剂赛外检查强制措施的法律属性及规制

On the Legal Nature and Regulation of Compulsory Measures for Anti-Doping Out-of-Competition Testing

因为我国现行的体育体制,在进行兴奋剂赛外检查时,主体具有行政属性。在检查过程中为了调查取证和保全证据,往往要对被检查人员的相关物品进行搜查和扣押等行政强制措施,而我国的法律、法规都没有对行政强制措施的设定权作出统一的规定,也没有规定设定权法定原则。从《体育法》到《反兴奋剂条例》也没有明确赛外检查强制措施的设定权,这很容易对被检查人员造成损害,对这种伤害我们可以通过申述、行政复议和行政诉讼,同时还可以一并或单独就损害申请国家赔偿。为了减少检查双方的矛盾和摩擦,同时考虑体育行业的自身规律和特征,我们可以借鉴比例原则和CAS的临时强制,在有关体育的法律、法规中明确赛外检查强制措施的法定原则,加强体育立法并成立专门的体育仲裁法院,为解决越来越多的兴奋剂赛外检查纠纷提供法律途径。

Because of our sports system, the compulsory inspection for out - of - competition Testing is a kind of administrative compulsory measures. The adopted compulsory measures during the process of anti - doping Out - of - Competition Testing are searching and distraining. In order to investigate and protect the evidences that athletes violate doping control, the distrainers may infringe the legal rights of the distrainees. There is no article in our law to prescribe the enactive principle, no exception in the laws of PRC Sports Code and PRC Anti - doping Code. The distrainees can apply for national compensation by state, ad- ministrative lawsuit, meanwhile, we should draw lessons from the principle of proportionality in Germany and provisional meas- ures in CAS to make clear in the legislation of administrative compulsory measures of the out - of - competition testing ： com- pulsory inspection and distrain shall be created by constitution and law. The legislation of sports shall he strengthened, and the Court of Arbitration for China Sport should be come into existence to provide a better way for the aggrieved party.