西双版纳保护区计划烧除林下可燃物对大型食草哺乳动物群落结构及动态的影响

Impacts of Fire Prescribed Use on The Structure and Dynamics of Large Herbivores in Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve

2008～2011年在西双版纳保护区曼稿子保护区的了望台和曼稿老一号桩、勐养子保护区的莲花塘和关坪等地实施有计划地林下可燃物烧除,调查监测计划烧除前后动植物的变化情况,对大型食草哺乳动物群落结构及动态影响进行初步研究。结果表明,共有大型食草哺乳动物3科5种;在原生林季风常绿阔叶林、次生林及荒地(灌丛)3种生境中,烧除后,动物群落的多样性、优势度、均匀度都有所增加,增加值为0.04～0.2,其中,动物群落多样性指数、均匀度以及优势度变化最大的是在次生林中(0.26),其次是在荒地、灌丛中(0.07)。认为林下可燃物烧除加速了可燃物的更替,改善了动物的食源供应,提高了生境的利用率。

Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve has exercised prescribed use of fire to eliminate the combusti- ble undergrowth in areas （Lianhuatang, Guangplng） with high risk of forest fire From 2008 to 2011 ,, as a strategy to strengthen control of forest fire. A study has been conducted to access the changes in the structure and dynamics of the large herbivorous community in three habitat types （primitive forest, sec- ondary forest, and shrub （barren farmland） after the prescribed fire use. Five species of large herbivores （referred to 3 families） have been recorded during the fieldwork. In four habitat types surveyed, an ap- parent increases （range from 0.04 to 0.2） are noticed in diversity index, dominance index, and pielou index of the large herbivores before and after the prescribed fire. The most intensive change （0.26） oc- curs in the indices for the secondary forest, with those for the shrub （barren farmland） as the second （0.07）. The study shows that elimination of the combustible undergrowth with the prescribe fire promote food supply for wildlife and improve their use of the existing habitats by accelerating regeneration of the undergrowth.