莆田市城区社区老年人患病行为的对照研究

Control Study of the Illness Behavior of Elderly People in Urban Community of Putian City

目的探讨社区老年人的患病行为的特点。方法采用对照研究方法,对莆田市城区社区老年人(研究组)和中年人(对照组)各162例进行患病行为问卷调查,并对结果进行比较分析。结果 2组间一般疑病(GH)、疾病信念(DC)、否认心因(D)、情感压抑(AI)因子分分别是(5.02±1.94)分比(3.23±1.75)分、(3.39±1.51)分比(2.20±1.31)分、(3.24±1.18)分比(2.76±1.33)分、(3.20±1.09)分比(2.65±1.24)分,老年组显著高于中年组(P<0.01)。两组间心理取向(P/S)、情感紊乱(AD)、易激惹性(I)因子分分别为(1.67±0.92)分比(1.83±1.01)分、(3.11±1.05)分比(2.91±1.09)分、(1.85±1.18)分比(1.75±1.12)分,老年组与中年组之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。老年组在GH、DC、D、AD、AI因子上高分值段的分布人数多于中年组(P<0.05)。结论社区老年人存在一定程度的异常患病行为,在防治老年病的同时,应根据老年人患病行为的特点给予有针对性的心理疏导和行为干预。

Objective To explore the illness behavior characters of elderly people in communi- ty. Methods A investigation was performed on 162 cases of elderly people（the study group）and 162 cases of middle-aged people （the control group） with the Illness Behavior Questionnaire （IBQ）. And a comparative analysis was made. Results There were significant differences in the four subscales of IBQ between two groups. The elderly people group showed more General Hypochondriasis（5.02 ± 1.94 vs 3.23 ± 1.75, P〈0.01）, more Disease Conviction （3.39 ± 1.51 vs 2.20±1.31 ,P〈0.01） ,more Denial（3.24±1.18 vs 2.76±1.33 ,P〈0.01） and more Affective Inhibition （3.20±1.09 vs 2. 65 ± 1.24, P〈0. 01） subscale scores than the middle-aged people group. And there were no significant differences in Psychological or Somatic Focusing（1.67 ± 0.92 vs 1.83 ± 1.01 ,P：〉0.05）, Affective Disturbance（3.11 ＋ 1.05 vs 2.91 ＋ 1.09, P〉0.05）, and Irritability（1.85＋1.18 vs 1.75 ＋ 1.12, P^0.05） subscale scores between two groups. Differences in percentage distribution of IBQ scores segment between two groups were detected in the subscales of General Hypochondriasis,Disease Conviction,Denial, Affective Disturbance and Affective Inhibition（P〉0.05）. Conclusion There was a certain degree of abnormal illness behavior existing in urban community elderly people . A series of psychological and behavior interventions should be carried out on the the elderly people according to the characters of their illness behavior.