日本明治汉学家高山樗牛思想转变之深层原因考

Deep Causes of the Sinologist Takayama Chogyu’s Ideological Change in Meiji Japan

高山樗牛是活跃于明治20～30年代日本文坛及政坛的人物,他以独特、浪漫的美文调著称,体现出大文豪风范,另以他自身思想层面的探索,对当时的日本社会产生很大影响,更因其短暂人生历程中经历过三次思想上的转变而成为日本后世思想家与评论家笔下的风云人物。纵观史学界关于高山樗牛的研究及评论,似对樗牛这种思想上的多次转变持怀疑甚至否定态度的观点占大多数。故樗牛在日本历史上的地位也因此受到弱化。然樗牛所经历的思想上的激变完全源于他内心始终充满的对人生的怀疑及烦闷的浪漫主义情绪,为克服这种情绪,樗牛作过各种尝试,故此经历了浪漫主义——日本主义——个人主义的过程,通过此三个时期的转变历程,展示出樗牛思想最深层的部分,以及樗牛积极探索人生意义的精神,这种精神是值得肯定的。

TakayamaChogyu, as a historical figure active in the literature and politics during Meiji＇s Japan, was famous for his style of unique, romantic and great writer. His own explorations in ideology had greatly influenced the Japanese society then. He became still a more influential man in the writings of later thinkers and commentators because of the three ideological changes in his short life. However, most of the views, as reflected in the historians＇ critiques regarding his changes, seemed to be suspicious and negative, and weakened his position in Japan＇ s history. His change of thought, in fact, was caused by the romantic mood from his suspicion and boredom of human life. To try to overcome mood of this kind, he had gone through the process of romanticism, Japanism and individualism. With the three steps of alteration, he had showed his inner thought and positive attitude to life. And this is very considerable.