汉语的让步条件句

Concessive Conditionals in Chinese

让步条件句是具有让步语义特征的非典型条件句,可以看作是处于典型条件句和让步句之间的一个中间形式。它包含三个次类:选择让步条件句、普适让步条件句和量级让步条件句。它们是一组条件句的集合,这个集合可能涉及两项,也可能是更多项。它们都具有自己特殊的句法-语义属性。比较三个次类可以发现:"无论、不管、不论"这三个连词并没有普适类或者选择类的倾向;普适类在频率上要高于选择类;而在选择类之内,使用选择问句形式的频率要高于反复问的形式;较之"不管、不论"句,"无论"句似乎更加排斥反复问句形式;虽然一般情况下三个次类之间的差异比较明显,但是在少数情形下,三类之间也会出现交叠。

Concessive conditional is an atypical conditional sentence which has concessive fea- tures. It can be seen as an intermediate type between typical conditional sentences and concessive sen- tences. It contains three subtypes： alternative, universal, and scalar. They are a set of conditional sentences. The set may involve two or more members with special syntactic-semantic properties. Af- ter a comparation, we can find some tendencies： 1） the three conjunctions ＂wu lun （无论）, bu guan （不管）, bu lun （不论）＂ do not show the tendency of being alternative or universal; 2） the occurring frequency of the universal type is higher than that of the alternative type; within the alternative type, the occurring frequency of selective question is higher than that of repeat question; 3） the ＂wu lun＂ form is more rejective of repetition questions comparing with the ＂bu guan＂, ＂bu lun＂ forms; 4） while the three subclasses are different with each other in general, they overlap each other in some cases.