常用词“借”对“假”的历时替换

A Study on Chronological Substitution of “Jie(借)” for “Jia(假)”

"假"和"借"在表"借用"义时,战国晚期以前"假"最常见,很少用"借"。通过对典型语料的分析得知:到了战国晚期,"假"的用法简单,且一般不见于口语表达,而"借"的用法灵活,可借用的对象范围广泛,在当时的口语中"借"可能已经替换了"假",成为表"借用"义的常用词。"借"或许是一个北方方言口语词,它最终能在口语中替换"假"是由于其表义明晰性高、语言交际的经济原则、易知性高等因素综合作用的结果。

The words ＂Jie（借） ＂ for ＂Jia （假）＂ both mean ＂use something for purpose （borrow lend）＂. Before the period of late Warring States, ＂）ia＂ occurred in literature more often than ＂jie＂. But through careful study on typical corpora during the period of late Warring States, it should be noted that the usage of ＂jia＂ was inflexible and rarely found in oral expressions while the usage of ＂jie＂ was more flexible. In this period, not only can ＂jie＂ refer to extensive entities （whether con- crete or abstract）, but was also frequently found in oral expressions. It is most likely that ＂jie＂ had become the dominant word to express the meaning ＂use something for purpose （borrow ＆ lend）＂ and had replaced ＂jia＂ in oral expressions at that time. ＂Jie＂ might be a spoken form in northern dialects. The substitution of ＂jie＂ for ＂jia＂ was due to the former^s clarity in meaning, economic principles in communication and easy comprehension.