文献典籍、考古材料相互关系下的苏州古城样本——兼及苏州城墙及苏州古城春秋时建、战国时修的考古印证

Ancient Suzhou City Layout in Terms of the Correlations Between Ancient Literature and Archaeological Materials: The Archaeological Evidences for the Construction of Ancient Suzhou City and the City Walls in the Spring and Autumn Period and Its Renovation

以王国维"二重证据法"为理论依据,对文献典籍和考古材料之间相互关系的不同情况进行论述,并分析苏州古城这一样本。指出,1957年平门遗址考古、2005年平四路古城墙遗址考古和2011年阊门北码头古城墙遗址的考古发现等与苏州历史文献记载的"苏州城墙及苏州古城春秋时建、战国时修"的结论相合,从而完成了王国维"二重证据法"中所说的"纸上之材料"(文献典籍)与"地下之新材料"(考古材料)的互相印证。与此同时,对"春秋时代吴大城位置新考"及"苏州城最早建于汉代"等新观点的提出、是时学界的反驳及上述新观点的发展等展开分析,并在对目前三座"吴都"并峙下的苏州周边文化生态进行理性分析的同时,更提出"理性下的守望与坚持"的学术观点。

Theoretically based on Wang Guowei’s ＂Dual Evidence Method＂,this paper expounds different situations of the relationships between ancient literature and archaeological materials,and analyzes the layout of Suzhou ancient city.The archaeological discoveries of Pingmen site in 1957,the ancient city wall site of Pingsi Road and the ancient city wall of the north port of Changmen in 2011 are in accordance with the ancient literature of Suzhou,which recorded that ＂the ancient Suzhou city as well as the city walls were built in the Spring and Autumn Period,and were constructed in the Warring States Period.＂ This evidence supports Wang Guowei’s ＂Dual Evidence Method＂,in which Wang says,＂written materials（ancient records）＂ should coincide with ＂new materials from underground（archaeological materials）＂.Meanwhile,this paper discusses some new views in focus,such as ＂the new discovery of the location of Wu City in the Spring and Autumn Period＂ and ＂the earliest construction of Suzhou city beginning in Han Dynasty＂,and lists the refutation from the historical circle and the development of the above-mentioned new views.After the rational analysis of the culture and ecology around Suzhou in the context of the co-existence of the three ancient ＂Wu capitals＂ proposed so far,the paper puts forward the academic viewpoint of ＂to watch and insist with sense＂