教学活动中的奖励分析——由斯金纳行为主义谈起

An Analysis of Reward in Teaching Activities: with Reference to Skinner’s Behaviorism

在汉语教学活动中,奖励是一种常用的激励方式,传统教育学对奖励调动学生积极性的功用亦奉为圭臬,运用广泛。然而,心理学和社会学研究表明,奖励和惩罚只是一个硬币的两个不同面,奖励在许多时候并非合适,亦并非有效,斯金纳理论对奖励的推崇造成了教学活动的许多误区。如何逐渐抛却这种行为主义的奖励思维模式,创造自由和开放的教学环境,促使学生自我激励,寻找学习的内在动因,让学生为学习而痴迷,为学习而探索,是摆在教育者面前的头等任务。

Reward is commonly used in Chinese language teaching.Traditional pedagogy pays more attention to the function of engaging students by the means of reward.But psychological and sociological researches indicate that reward and punishment are the two sides of one coin.Reward is neither appropriate nor effective on many occasions.The high praise on reward in Skinner’s has led to many errors in teaching activities.So the imperative task for educators is to gradually abandon the thinking mode of Behaviorism,create a free and open teaching environment,seek out internal motive of study,and make students facinated by study and enable them to explore for the sake of study.