赣南稀土矿区翼状胬肉流行病学调查及手术

The epidemiological survey of the prevalence rate of pterygium in the southern Jiangxi rare earth mining area

目的了解赣南稀土矿区中老年人中的翼状胬肉流行病学特征。方法采取随机整群抽样的方法抽取15个自然村为调查点，以40岁以上人群为调查对象。结果在40岁以上人群7268人中，发现翼状胬肉患者2170人，患病率29．86％。女性（34．15％）高于男性（25．43％）。40～49岁患病率23．50％，手术率18．24％，50～59岁的患病率31．29％，手术率14．56％；60～69岁的患病率39．14％，手术率12．09％；70—79岁患病率37．14％，手术率9．8％；80岁以上患病率27．17％，手术率8．51％。各年龄段之间患病率差别具有统计学意义（X2=77．313，P=0．000）。随着年龄增长手术治疗率明显降低，有统计学意义（X2=14．01，P〈0．01）。结论翼状胬肉在赣南稀土矿区患病率高，随年龄增加而升高，老年人略下降，手术率降低。估计紫外线、饮用水污染、矿区风尘、气侯、农村居住、年龄、女性是翼状胬肉患病的主要危险因素。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics among the mid-aged and the elderly people in the southern Jiangxi rare earth mining area. Methods 15 villages were selected as survey points by random cluster sampling method. 7268 people aged over 40 years were involved as human subjects. Results In the 7268 people, 2170 of them were found with pterygium, the prevalence rate was 29.86%. Among which the rate of female （34.15%） was higher than that of male （25.43%）. The rate in people aged 40-49 years was 23.50%, 50 -59 years 31.29%, 60 -69 years 39.14%, 70 -79 years 37.14%, over 80 years 27.17% . The surgery rate were 18.24%, 14.56%, 12.09%, 9.8% and 8.51% respectively in each age group. The difference of the prevalence rate had statistical significance between each two age groups （X2 = 77. 313, P = 0.000）. With the growth of age , the rate of surgical operation treatment decreased obviously. It had statistical significance（X2= 14. 01 ,P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion People in south- ern Jiangxi rare earth mining area are suffering a high prevalence rate of pterygium, it increased with age increasing and decreased slightly in senile. Pterygium operation rate decreased gradually with the growth of age. It is estimated that ultraviolet, contaminated drinking water, mining dirt, climate, rural residence, age and female are risk factors for pterygium.