油茶不同嫁接方式对嫁接成活率和抽梢率的影响

Influence of different grafting methods on survival and shooting rate of Camellia oleifera Abe1

【目的】研究油茶不同嫁接方式对嫁接成活率和抽梢率的影响,为油茶产业发展中优良品种苗木培育嫁接提供参考。【方法】采用随机区组设计,设接穗不同留叶量、接穗不同枝段、不同芽砧类型3个试验因子进行嫁接试验,测定其成活率和抽梢率。【结果】接穗不同留叶量处理方式中,留0.5叶和1叶的处理,嫁接成活率和抽梢率高于对照,其中,留0.5叶的处理,平均成活率和抽梢率为91.11%和51.67%;接穗不同枝段处理方式中,2～3叶段和4～5叶段处理的嫁接成活率和抽梢率高于对照,其中,2～3叶段处理的平均成活率和抽梢率分别为90.38%和65.18%;芽砧不同类型处理中,带籽砧处理的嫁接成活率和抽梢率高于对照,分别为93.33%和52.50%。【结论】当年生半木质化绿色枝2～3叶段、留0.5～1叶、采用带籽芽砧嫁接方法,嫁接效果较好,成活率在90%以上,90d抽梢率在50%以上。

[Objective]The impacts of different grafting methods on survival and shooting rate of camellia were studied to address critical issues of low grafting transplanting rate in nursery stock breeding and high cost of seedling raising so that relevant information could be provided to breed and graft fine quality varieties seedling for the camellia industry＇. [Method]Three experimental factors including leaf quantity, scion segment and bud rootstock were used for the random- ized block design. Scion leaf quantity tests involved five treatments of leaves, which were no leaf, 0.5 leaf, 1 leaf, 1.5 leaves, and 2 leaves （CK）, four treatments of scion segments, which were 1 segment, 2-3 segment, 4-5 segment, and over 5 segments （CK）. For bud rootstock tests, there were three treatments viz., seed rootstock, de-seeding rootstock, and root rootstock. [Result]Concerning the scion leaf quantity processing mode, survival and shooting rate of 0.5 leaf and 1 leaf were higher than CK, in particular, mean survival and shooting rate of 0.5 leaf were 91.11% and 51.67%, respec- tively. As to different scion segment treatments, survival and shooting rates of 2-3 and 4-5 segment were higher than CK. Average survival and shooting rates of 2-3 segment were 90.38% and 65.18%, respectively. Seed rootstock had higher survival and shooting rate than CK, which were 93.33% and 52.50%, respectively. [Conclusion]Using 2-3 leaf segment and retention of 0.5-1 leaf of the half lignification green branch with seed rootstock grafting method performed best with 90% survival rate and 50% shooting rate in 90 d.