天津奶牛养殖经济效益分析及发展对策研究

Study on Economic Benefits and Development Countermeasures of Dairy Farming in Tianjin

经过多年快速发展,天津奶牛养殖业取得了显著成就。研究表明:提高规模化程度,有助于降低原料奶生产成本,提高奶牛养殖经济效益,增加奶农收入。在影响奶农收入的诸多因素中,牛奶销售价格居于首位,生产成本居于其次;各因素对奶农收入的影响与饲养规模相关;主产品产量和牛奶销售价格对农民饲养意愿的影响较为突出。为提高奶牛养殖经济效益,增加奶农收入,建议对原料奶实行优质优价和地方最低保护价,合理确定奶牛养殖总存栏量和布局,鼓励适度养殖,推动新技术、新工艺和新产品应用,持续提高奶牛单产,率先实行"蓝箱"政策试点,加大补贴力度,用好"黄箱"政策,充分发挥奶农协会和奶农合作社的作用。

After the rapid development for many years, the dairy farming has made remarkable achievements in Tianjin. Researches show that improving the scale degree is helpful for reducing the production costs per unit of raw milk, and also for increasing the economic benefits of dairy farming and farmers＇ income. Among many factors influencing dairy farmers＇ income, the sales price is the major factor, the production cost is the second, and all marketing factors are correlative with the raising scale The two factors of production of main products and sales price were more prominent for farmers＇ feeding intention. In order to improve the economic benefits of dairy farming and increase dairy farmers＇ income, some measures must be adopted, such as the policy ＂high price for good quality＂ and the local minimum protective price should be given to the raw milk. Furthermore, more countermeasures should be taken, that is, determining the total cow population and layout scientifically, encouraging the moderate scale for dairy farms, promoting the application of new technologies and new products, increasing the milk yield per cow continuously, implementing the policy of ＂blue box＂ and making good use of ＂yellow box＂, and giving a full play to the function of dairv farmers association and coooeratives.