二突异翅长蠹的生物学特性及熏蒸技术研究

Biological characteristics and fumigation technology for Heterobostrychus hamatipennis Lesne

近年来二突异翅长蠹对安徽省储藏期柳编原材料——杞柳枝条的危害日趋严重。为了有效防控该虫,对其生物学特性和熏蒸技术进行研究。实验室饲养观测与仓库调查结果表明,该虫在安徽省1年发生2代,以老熟幼虫在被害柳条内部越冬。翌年3月下旬越冬幼虫开始活动为害,4月下旬开始化蛹,5月中旬成虫大量出现,并于5月下旬产卵。第1代幼虫于6月上旬孵化,8月上旬幼虫开始化蛹,8月中旬羽化为成虫,8月下旬成虫开始产卵,9月上旬第2代幼虫孵化,并继续为害柳条,一直持续到11月新柳条收获后。用56%磷化铝片剂和80%敌敌畏乳油在密封袋中进行熏蒸试验。结果表明,磷化铝的熏杀效果更好,12 g.m-3剂量熏蒸72 h后各虫态的死亡率可达到100%,以幼虫对磷化氢最敏感。因此,熏蒸防治要抓住越冬代幼虫活动期,即在每年的3月底至4月初,用56%磷化铝片剂12 g.m-3熏蒸72 h以上为宜。

Heterobostrychus hamatipennis Lesne causes more and more serious damage on the wicker in warehouse in Anhui province in recent years.In order to control it efficiently,we studied its biological characteristics and fumigation technology.The results of feeding in the laboratory and survey in the warehouse were as follows.It has 2 generations a year in Anhui province and overwinter as matured larvae in the injured wickers.The overwintering larvae begin to harm in late March and pupate in late April.A large number of the adults emerge in the middle of May.The adults start to spawn in late May.The larvae of the first generation hatch in early June.The larvae start to pupate in early August.In the middle of August,the first generation adults emerge.About ten days later,the adults start to spawn.In early September,the second generation larvae hatch.And until November,when the new wickers are harvested,the matured larvae would move into the new wickers and overwinter.The fumigation tests were carried out with aluminium phosphide 56% tablet and dichlorvos 80% emulsion in hermetic bags,and the results showed that the mortality in different stages could achieve 100% at 72 h after fumigation with aluminum phosphide 56% tablet at the dose of 12 g.m-3,and the larvae are more sensitive to phosphine than any other stages.Therefore,fumigation control must focus on the stage of recovery of overwintering generation larvae,which is in late March and early April every year,with aluminium phosphide 56% tablet at 12 g.m-3above 72 h.