基于水足迹的湿地生态需水保障对策

Safeguarding eco-environmental flows of Baiyangdian wetlands:A strategy based on water footprints

采用定额法核算白洋淀流域2003年、2007年和2011年的水足迹,重点分析白洋淀流域内农业、工业和第三产业的水足迹结构。结果表明,白洋淀流域的虚拟水足迹从2003年的83.86亿m3增加到2007年的95.87亿m3,2011年的108.21亿m3。从消费比例来看,农业用水所占比例最大,平均值达到69%;第二产业用水占24%左右,第三产业用水占7%左右。提出解决白洋淀流域不同类型湿地生态需水的策略:调整流域种植结构,减少高污染、高耗水部门,提高农业灌溉效率和水资源重复利用率等,每年可节约5.95亿m3的水量,可以保障白羊淀流域湿地生态系统基本的生态需水。

The quota method was used to calculate the water footprints in the Baiyangdian Basin in 2003, 2007, and 2011. The structures of water footprints of agriculture, industry, and tertiary industry were analyzed. The results show that the virtual water footprints in the Baiyangdian Basin increased from 83.86 × 10^8 m^3 in 2003 to 95.87x10^8 m^3 in 2007 and 108.21 xl0^8 m^3 in 2011. Agricultural water use accounted for the largest proportion （about 69% on average ）, and secondary and tertiary industrial water use accounted for 24% and 7%, respectively, of the total water use. Several strategies were put forward for satisfying coo-environmental flow requirements of various types of wetlands in the Baiyangdian Basin. These strategies include the adjustment of planting structure, the reduction of highly water-consuming and water-polluted industries, and the improvement of agricultural irrigation efficiency and the water reuse ratio. Through implementation of the strategies, about 5.95 × 10^8m^3 of water can be saved per year, which meets the basic eco-environmental flow requirements of wetland ecosystems in the basin.