改良到革命——清末董子学研究的历史考察

From Reform to Revolution:a Historical Review of the Studies of Dong Zhongshu's Theory in Late Qing Dynasty

清末政治风雨如晦、风云诡谲之时,是倡行改良,还是号召革命,构成了改良派和革命派的斗争焦点。康有为在戊戌前后"一以贯之"借董子学以推行其改良主张;章太炎则经历了一个从改良到革命的转换过程;刘师培以董子学比附现代民主之义和民族主义,并反驳改良派的理论根基公羊学,以此来驳斥改良,宣传革命。章太炎、刘师培与康有为的争论,表明上是古文经对今文经的学术论争,实际上体现的是革命与改良的政治斗争,体现了社会上改良思潮向革命思潮的一轮转换。

When it was an unpredictably situation in late Qing Dynasty, advocating reform or revolution constituted the focus of the struggles between the Reformists and the Revolutionaries. Kang Youwei insisted his position on reform by interpreting Dong Zhongshu＇s theory before and after the reform movement of 1898. Zhang Taiyan experienced a conversion from reform to revolution. Liu Shipei thought that there were similarities between Dong Zhongshu＇s theory and the democratic justice and nationalism. He disproved the theoretical basis of the reformists to refute reform and propagate revolution. The controversy of Zhang Taiyan, Liu Shipei and Kang Youwe seems to be an academic debate between ancient classics and modern classics, but actually it reflects the political struggle between revolution and reform and the transformation of trends of thoughts from reform t to revolution.