日本明治学者的东北官话“分合”理论

The Theory of “Division or Combination” from Japanese Scholars in MeiJi Dynasty

有关北京官话及东北官话"分"与"合"问题之争,并非始于当代,100多年前国内外学者也有过这种争议,不足为奇。根据日本所藏明治末期4种汉语教科书文献记载,日本学者研究中国清代官话分区,也存在着北京官话及东北官话"分"与"合"争议。但这种争议,蕴含着一个极端观念,"瓜分中国""殖民"意识根深蒂固。为此,称东北地方为"满洲",称东北方言为"满洲语"。觊觎东北领土之心"路人皆知"。不过,今天学者从研究北京官话和东北官话之间的关系历史来看,既要看到它们之间的区别,更要看到它们之间的密切关系。如果以它们之间的区别而论,当然应该分为两区,而以它们之间的密切关系来论,则同属于"大北京官话区"也未尝不可。

Since ancient times, that whether Bejing Mandarin and Northeastern Mandarin should be a whole part or not has been strongly disputed. So nearly 100 years ago, scholars at home and abroad had divergent ideas about it, which is not surprising. According to 4 kinds of Chinese textbooks collected during the end of MeiJi, since Japanese scholars studied the Mandarin parts in Qing Dynasty, they＇ve also held different ideas about it. But there is an extreme view in this argument and the idea of carving up China and colonizing China is deeply rooted. Therefore, they called northeastern area as Manchuria, and northeastern mandarin as Manchuria language. Their plan to occupy northeast of china is obvious to know. However, judging from the history of study- ing the relations between them, not only should scholars see the differences, but also their substantial connection. For the differences, they will be divided into two parts, and for the connections, it is possible classify them to the Broad Beijing Mandarin Area.