海洋化学传感器研制的动态评述

PROGRESS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MARINE CHEMICAL SENSORS

化学海洋学研究数据的获得需要方便、经济、高效的分析测试手段 ,化学传感器则是海洋调查和监测DO、pH、CO2 、NH3-N和S( -Ⅱ)等的理想手段和工具。本文评述了 60年代末以来用于天然水体中CO2 、NH3-N和S( -Ⅱ )检测的化学传感器的研制情况 ,进一步讨论了海洋化学传感器研制所需解决的问题和发展方向 ,并分析了海洋化学传感器研制进展缓慢的原因。

Relatively simple, economical and reliable methods of analysis are highly desirable in marine chemistry researches. Chemical sensors are such that they play important roles in measuring concentrations or activities of some chemical species. Developments of p CO 2, sulfide and NH 3-N marine chemical sensors are reviewed in this article. Fiber opticsensors were developed to measure p CO 2, NH 3-N, DO etc. Ion-selective electrode based on Ag 2S is still a prior choice for an improvement to the sulfide sensor. However, few commercially available chemical sensors can be used in marine surveying and monitoring. The main difficulties of upgrading marine chemical sensors are the poor selectivity and stability caused by membrane aging and inner reagent concentration change. Complicated physical, chemical and biological conditions in marine environments and neglecting the importance of marine condition may be the main reasons for slow development of marine chemical sensors. A discussion of strategies to forward the marine chemical sensors is also provided. Sensors based on optical colorimetry, ISE, amperometry, polarography and coulometry etc. have been reported recently. Flow-injected analysis and automatic analyzer with improved technology of chemical sensors had enhanced instrumental measurement greatly. New sensitive sensors combined with advanced measure techniques will be one head direction of developing marine chemical sensors. In addition, development of integrated sensors applied on different carriers should be another main aspect.