高职院校积极心理健康教育存在的问题与对策

Study on the Problems and Countermeasures of Positive Mental Health Education in Vocational Colleges

通过大量的文献研究和现场调研发现,高职院校积极心理健康教育的开展存在以下问题:1.对高职生心理特点的针对性不足;2.消极的"病理(医疗)诊断模式"仍是主流;3.缺少外在环境的支持与配合;4.传统心理健康教育的基础理念有待转变。要解决这些问题,首先,必须加强对高职生心理的系统研究,根据该群体的心理特点制定有针对性的心育对策;其次,关注学生的积极品质,通过正面鼓励和积极情绪体验帮助学生获得至关重要的控制感,恢复自尊和自信;第三,将学校、家庭和社区整合成一个完整的积极心理健康教育支持系统,促进高职生与环境之间的正能量交换;第四,用"关系自我"取代"有界自我",通过人性观的转变,为积极心理的激发提供文化土壤和哲学导航。

It is found that there are several factors which arrest the development of positive mental health education （PMHE） in vocational colleges. The following are included ： （ 1 ） PMHE is not specially designed and performed according to the physiologi- cal characteristic of vocational college students; （2） The mainstream pattern of PMHE is still the negative problem diagnosis model; （3） PMHE can hardly get supports which are needed from families and communities; （4） PMHE is unfortunately based on the traditional negative views on humanity. To solve these problems： firstly, we have to do much more research on the psycho- logical characteristics of vocational college students, and then formulate corresponding measures to motivate their positive mentali- ty ; secondly, we must pay more attention to the advantages rather than the disadvantages of students, to help them gain essential sense of control and regain self - respect and self-confidence through their positive emotional experience ; thirdly, colleges, fami- lies and communities should be integrated into an unified system to promote the energy interchange between students and the envi- ronments ; finally, by replacing ＂bounded self＂ with ＂relational self＂ and the change of the views on humanity, we can prepare the cultural soil and philosophical navigation for the promotion to the positive mental health education in vocational colleges.