戴震论自然与必然及其德福一致

Dai Zhen's Theory of Nature and Inevitability and the Unity of Happiness and Virtue

自然与必然是贯穿戴震哲学体系全部内容的两个范畴。戴氏以自然而然和自由自在规定自然,以"至当不易之则"规定必然,以"归于必然,适完其自然"规定自然与必然的关系,进而将物的生长及人的成己均视为一个自然→"归于必然"→"适完其自然"的循环发展历程,倡导了一种理与欲、德与福、价值与事实相统一的、活泼充实的、直面生活的伦理。从而恢复了在宋明理学那里遗失的先秦儒学的原初精神。

Dai Zhen defined nature using ＂come very naturally＂ and ＂take one＇s ease＂. He regarded inevitability as ＂ought to＂ and ＂unchanged rules＂. The development of universe was from nature to inevitability, which was the unity of reason and desire, virtue and happiness, fact and value. Dai Zhen＇ s ethics is vivid and facing life, which is in keeping with the o- riginal Confucianist＇ s spirit.