论硖石米市的形成及其对市镇发展的影响——兼析米市凋敝的原因

On the Formation of Xiashi Rice Market and Its Influence on the Development of the Town——Also an Analysis of the Causes of the Depression of the Market

浙江省本为农业大省,但钱塘江南岸地区多缺粮,所需之米须从他省输入。各省输入之米自江南运河而来,在钱塘江北岸的海宁硖石镇停留后再经盐官过塘,故而在硖石形成了规模宏大的米市。米市的形成,推动硖石镇成为海宁区域中最重要的经济重镇。但是随着陆路交通的发展,硖石米市规模渐缩。"七七事变"后,海宁沦陷,米市趋于凋敝。抗战胜利后,国民党统治下的经济环境混乱,米市再度遭受重创。新中国成立后,旋即实行统购统销政策,米市就此消失。

Zhejiang province was originally a big agricultural province, but the areas along the south bank of Qiantang River lacked food, and the rice needed must be transported from other provinces. The input rice was shipped through the Jiangnan Canal, stopped at Haining Xiashi Town to the north of Qiantang River, and then crossed the river, thus forming a large-- scale rice market in Xiashi. The formation of the rice market had promoted Xiashi town to become the most important economic town in Haining area. But with the development of road traffic, the scale of Xiashi rice market had tapered gradually. After the ＂Marco Polo Bridge Incident＂, Haining fell to the enemy occupation, so the rice market tended to decline. After the victory of the Anti-- Japanese War, the economic environment under the rule of the Kuomintang was in chaos, and the rice market was devastated again. After the founding of new China, the policy of state monopoly for purchase and marketing was implemented immediately, leading to the disappearance of the rice market.