预收保费与保险责任承担制度研究

Study on Premiums Received in Advance and Temporary Insurance System

目前,在审理保险人预收保费至保险人承保前发生保险事故的赔偿纠纷案件时,审理法院通常认为:保险人预收保费的事实与保险合同成立没有直接关系,预收保费不能证明保险合同成立,保险人对在预收保费后至承保前发生的保险事故不承担保险责任。大多数国家的保险法根据契约公平原则,规定了暂保险和强制临时保险制度。对预收保费后至承保前发生的保险事故,要求保险人依约定或法定承担保险责任。在我国保险市场已经成为国际保险市场的有效组成部分的今天,应当建立以保险立法和司法方式干预保险责任承担机制,为投保人和被保险人提供法律救济。

In China, involving the compensation or disputes arising from the insurer＇ s receipt of the insurance to the accidents occurring before the insurance underwriting, the jurisdictional courts always deem that the fact that the insurance premium received in advance has nothing to do with the establishment of the insurance contract and the premiums received in advance cannot be the evidence of the insurance contracts＇ existence. The insurer doesn＇t bear the insurance liability of the accidents which has occurred from the insurer＇ s receipt of the insurance to the accidents occurring before the insurance underwriting. However, the insurance law of most of the countries and districts stipulate that according to the principle of fairness, the insurance should bear the insurance liability under the conditions mentioned above. In China, our insurance market has become an effective part of international insurance market today. Aiming at the problem mentioned above, we should establish a way of insurance legislation and judicial intervention in the insurance accountability mechanism, and use for reference of the compulsory and provisional insurance, provisional insurance policies so that we can improve our current insurance legislation and protect the legal rights of the applicants and the insured with justice.