孤独症儿童能力发育特征探讨

Developmental characteristics of children with autism

【目的】探索孤独症儿童能力的自然发育特征,为临床诊治提供科学依据。【方法】300例未经干预的孤独症儿童,其中男270例、女30例,年龄在12～96月之间,采用修订版心理教育评定量表(PEP-R)中的功能测验对其进行能力发育特征测评。【结果】89.33%孤独症儿童总体发育商<70,且随着年龄的增长,其总体发育商有逐步下降的趋势(P<0.01);同一年龄段内,各个功能发育商发育明显不均衡(P<0.01),模仿及认知理解障碍最突出(P<0.01),认知理解与认知表达发育相分离(P<0.01),而大运动发育基本正常。【结论】未经干预的孤独症儿童能力发育进展和次序存在异常,随着年龄增长,这种异常有逐渐加重的趋势。

[Objective] To study the natural characteristics of natural developing on the autistic children. [Method] Developmental characteristics of individuals were evaluated by the psycho educational profile-revised （PEP-R） with 300 untreated cases （boys 270,girls 30,aged from 12 to 96 months） with autism. [Results] The developmental quotient of less than 70 of children with autism was 89.33% ,and the developmental quotient was gradually decreased with increase of age （P〈0.01）. In the same age,each development quotient was not balanced （P〈0.01） ,the scores of both the imitation and the cognitive performance were worst （P〈0.01） ,and the scores of cognition performance and cognitive verbal were de- viation （P〈0.01） ,and the gross motor development was normal. [Conclusion] Developmental characteristics of autistic children without treatment have the presence of abnormal progress and order,and the situation would be worse and worse as increase of age.