德州市小学生社会期望发展状况的调查研究

Development status of social expectation in urban pupils from Dezhou city

【目的】探讨小学儿童社会期望的发展状况,为儿童的家庭和学校教育提供参考依据。【方法】采用Cradall和Katkovsky的儿童社会期望量表对随机抽取的784名德州市小学生进行调查研究。【结果】1)小学儿童社会期望总体上处于中等偏上的水平(M社会期望>24分);2)小学儿童社会期望的年级差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.001),随着年级升高,社会期望值逐渐降低,其中三年级和五年级是两个急剧下降的阶段;3)小学女生的社会期望值普遍高于男生(P<0.001),并且男生和女生社会期望发展的模式明显不同:女生社会期望的发展呈线性下降的趋势,而男生社会期望的发展呈阶梯状下降的趋势。【结论】小学儿童社会期望的发展存在显著的年级差异和性别差异,家长和老师在对待儿童的教育方式和态度上,应结合小学儿童社会期望的发展特点作出相应的调整。

[Objective] To explore the developmental status of pupils＂ social expectation so as to improve pupils＂ devel- opment in family and school. [Method] An investigation was executed on 784 pupils coming from several Dezhou city primary school using Cradall ~ Katkovsky＂ s CSD. [Results] The results revealed that 1） the overall level of urban pu- pils＂ social expectation was above average2） The social expectation gradually declined along with grade,in which the grade three and grade five composed two sharply declining stage; 3）The social expectation of primary school girls was higher than that of boys, and showed distinct developmental mode：the girls＂ social expectation declined linearly while the boys＂ social ex- pectation declined in a ladder way. [Conclusions] The development of pupils＇ social expectation shows remarkable charac- teristics in grade and gender dimensions. Thus both parents and teachers should adjust their educational methods according to the developmental characteristics of pupils social expectation.