生物排盐改良利用盐渍土的研究展望

Research Progress and Application Prospect of Biological Salt Removal in Improvement and Utilization of Saline Soil

围绕内陆干旱区盐渍化土壤改良和盐碱地利用这一主题,通过对生物排盐改良利用盐渍土相关领域研究成果的总结,结合新疆地区盐碱地改良利用的实践,从植物的耐盐与排盐特征和改良原理、干旱区农田水盐运移规律、灌区土壤盐分平衡、盐碱地耐盐植物种植与利用等方面评述了国内外的研究进展与存在的问题。指出基于植物盐分吸收的耕(根)层水盐平衡原理、不同植(作)物的盐分吸收特征、耐盐经济植物的选择、高效节水灌溉条件下防止土壤盐渍化和盐碱地改良利用方法等是今后的重点研究方向,生物排盐与水利改良相结合的综合模式是实现内陆干旱区灌溉农业可持续发展的新模式。

The amelioration of soil salinization and rational utilization of saline-alkali soil are fundamental for agricultural activation in inner-terres-trial zones. In this paper we focused on two topics of amelioration and utilization of saline-alkali soil, and reviewed recent research progress on sa-line-alkali soil improvement using biological salt removal techniques. Moreover, combining utilization practices of improved saline-alkali soil in Xin- jiang, we reviewed the recent progresses on the basis of characteristics and amelioration mechanisms of plant salt tolerance and removal, water and salt movement rules in arid agro ecosystems, salt balance in dryland, salt-tolerance plantation and utilization. We have proposed that water and salt balance principles based on plant root absorption, salt absorption feature, selection of salt-tolerance commercial crop, prevention from soil saliniza- tion using high-efficiency water saving irrigation system, and utilization ways of ameliorated saline-alkali soil are mainstream research areas in the future, and combined amelioration avenues of biological salt removal and irrigation system improvement are a new model to realize the sustainable ir-rigating agriculture in inner-terrestrial zones in arid areas.