几种除草剂对入侵生物少花蒺藜草的防治效果

Control effect of several herbicides on invasive species Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth.

【背景】2009～2012年辽宁省草原沙化治理工程在辽西北展开,以彰武县为重点治理地区。由于长期缺乏对草原毒害草的重视,少花蒺藜草在彰武县全县范围内扩散蔓延,并已发展到难以控制的局面,给草原生态环境带来极大影响。【方法】对精喹禾灵、烯禾啶、咪唑乙烟酸、烟嘧磺隆、乙草胺+烟嘧磺隆、乙氧氟草醚、高效氟吡甲禾灵等几种除草剂(组合)进行筛选,并进行大面积示范,调查其防治效果。【结果】供试的7种药剂(组合)对少花蒺藜草均有一定的防除作用。其中,精喹禾灵和高效氟吡甲禾灵2种芳氧苯氧基丙酸酯类除草剂防除入侵生物少花蒺藜草效果最为理想,能够有效控制其生长和危害,施药15d后防除效果分别可达到89%和79%。此外,药剂筛选试验结果还显示:咪唑乙烟酸、烟嘧磺隆和乙草胺+烟嘧磺隆对少花蒺藜草也有较好的防治效果,施药19d后防效基本达到80%以上;乙氧氟草醚最差,防治效果只有66%。【结论与意义】5%精喹禾灵乳油除草效果较好,虽然对试验区内的其他禾本科牧草有一定的杀害作用,但对区内的补播牧草草木樨、小叶锦鸡儿等未产生任何药害。这对草原补播改良区少花蒺藜草的综合治理有着积极意义。

【Background】The project of grassland desertification control was conducted in the northwest of Liaoning Province in 2009~2012. Zhangwu County was one of the key controlling areas. Because of the long-term lack of control of grassland weeds, Cenchrus pauciflorus spread all over the county rapidly, leading to severe impacts to the grassland ecological environment. 【Method】Several herbicides （combinations） species, quizalofopp-ethyl, sethoxydim, imazethapy, nicosulfuron, acetachlor＋nicosulfuron, oxyfluorfen and haloxytop-r-methyl were tested for screening, and large area demonstration measure their controlling effects. 【Result】The results showed that seven herbicides （combinations） tested on C.pauciflorus has some effects. The two aryloxyphenoxy propionic acid ester herbicides, quizalofopp-ethyl and haloxytop-r-methyl, were the best to control invasive weeds. They effectively controlled growth and caused damage, with rates of 89% and 79% respectively 15 d after spraying. In addition, herbicide screening tests showed that imazethapyr, nicosulfuron and acetochlor＋nicosulfuron had good performance reaching more than 80% 19 d after application. Oxyfluorfen control effect was the least efficient with only 66% success rate. 【Conclusion and significance】Quizalofopp-ethyl EC at a concentration of 5% was the most effective for C.pauciflorus control among all herbicides tested, although it caused some damage to other grass forage. In areas being restored by seeding Melilotus suaveolens and Caragana microphylla, no phytotoxicity of quizalofop p-ethyl was detected suggesting that it can be part of a Cenchrus pauciflorus comprehensive management.