街道科层官员的裁量困境

The Discretional Dilemmas of the Street-level Bureaucracy

自由裁量权在司法场域和行政场域具有非常重要的意义,但仅仅通过规范法学的视角,对自由裁量权进行研究将会受到较大的限制,应结合社会学和管理学等多学科对其进行分析。通过对规则自上而下和自下而上两种理论分析框架,我们看到立法者对规则完备的需求与街道科层官员的反规则之间,上级的压力与现实有限资源之间,目标与责任之间的众多困境使得街道科层官员在具体执法过程中受到种种限制,如何在规则与自由裁量权之间取得平衡,需要从多元的视角进行整合。

Discretion is of important significance in the field of justice and administrate law, but only through the perspective of normative jurisprudence, there are some restrictions for us to study the discretion, multi-disciplinary research on the discretion should be conducted in accordance with sociology and management. The two different frameworks of top-down and bottom-up are useful tools to analyze the discretion, the dilemmas of the street-level bureaucracy are between the detailed rules and the antirules, the pressure from the top and the limited resources from the bottom, the official target and the responsibilities. How to strike a balance between rules and discretion depends on the integration from multiple perspectives.