科学传播中的性别视角:论大众媒介对女科学家形象的建构

Gender Perspective in Science Communication:On the Construction of the Image of the Female Scientists in the Mass Media

大众媒介对女科学家的报道将女科学家描述为科学家中的"女人"和女人中的"科学家"两种实际主体相同但侧重点不同的细分群体。从态度看,大众媒体对女科学家的描写存在着或多或少的隐性或显性歧视,尽管这种歧视在逐渐向性別平等和认同的文化道路推进,但仍然受到社会性别刻板印象的巨大影响。大众媒体对女科学家的报道于公众特别是少女建构女科学家的形象起着重要作用,这一象征模型引导孩子们对该群体的印象生成及存储,影响着少女和年轻女性的职业选择和人生规划。因此女科学家的科学生涯和贡献必须更多地纳入科学报道的历史和现状分析,媒体建构的女科学家形象应该有利于引导公众特别是少女对女科学家的正确认识。

The image of the female scientists in the mass media is described as the ＂women＂ in scientists and the ＂scientists＂ in the women,the two kinds of subgroup focus on different points respectively.With regard to the altitude,there is more or less implicit or explicit discrimination on female scientists by the mass media,although such discrimination is gradually approximate to the culture of gender equality and recognition,the discrimination is still enormously affected by the gender stereotypes.The image of female scientists constructed by the mass media plays an important role in the public image,especially in young girls,this symbol of the model guides the children to generate and store the impression of the group,which affect girls and young women＇s career choices and life planning.Therefore,the research experience and contributions of the female scientists must be largely integrated into historic and current analysis of scientific reports,and the image of the female scientists constructed by the media should be helpful to shaping the public,especially young girls,to correctly understand the female scientists.