试论当今地球科学的某些新进展及其现实意义

Some Developments of Geosciences and Their Significance to Mankind Society

近年来地球科学在许多方面取得了进展。板块学说虽未解决板块为什么会运动的问题 ,但其把大陆与海洋联系起来 ,把地壳与地幔联系起来 ,开阔了思维 ,对整个地学研究起到了划时代的推动作用。在生物的演化和发展过程中 ,环境变化始终扮演着重要的角色 ,其一方面促进了生物的发展和演化 ,另一方面也导致了生物的衰退与绝灭。形成地层序列的沉积过程是不连续的 ,更不是传统地层学所说的渐变过程。解决当前的环境、资源等问题的主要途径之一就是开发、保护海洋。以水圈、气圈、生物圈和岸石圈相互作用、变化规律及它们对地外因素、人类因素的反馈机制为基本研究内容的全球变化问题 ,是现代地球科学最重要且最活跃的领域之一 ,与人类生存和发展的关系密不可分。地震剖面中的地震波波形变化 ,包括振幅、频率、极性、相位的变化 ,以及它们随着偏移距的不同变化和相对应地层的岩性、物性、含油性、厚度有密切的关系 ,使地质学家能够在钻井之前预测地下的岩性、物性和含油性。层析成像结果虽不能确切证明地幔有对流 ,但确可证实陆根的存在 ,逐渐形成了幔柱学说。

Although it can not reply why a plate is able to move,the plate tectonic theory has widened thinking of mankind and made an epochal promotion to geosciences because it integrates continents with oceans and the crust with the mantle.During the evolvement and progressing of living things,the environment changes play an important role all the time as it not only gears up the development of organisms but also results in degradation and extinction of living things.As a matter of fact,the sediment processing of stratigraphic sequence is not uninterrupted a progressive formation what is said by the conventional stratigraphy.As a subject connected closely with the mankind society,global change is the most important and active field of geosciences that studies reciprocities and variety rules of hydrosphere,atmosphere,ecosphere and lithosphere.Those reciprocities and varieties are feedback to the results of mankind activities as well as others.The diversification of earthquake waveforms in seismic cross sections including the changes of frequency,polarity and phase have a consanguineous relation with lithology,physical properties,oil possibility and thickness of the corresponding strata.Now geologists can prognosticate the underground lithological characters and oil possibility.Although planigraphy could not firmly testify the mantle convection,it makes sure that a continental root really exists.Nowadays more and more people embrace the mantle plume theory.