日本沼虾血清溶血素的活性研究

Study on the Hemolysin Activity in Serum of Macrobrnahium nipponese

[目的]为深入了解虾类的免疫机制提供科学依据和基础材料。[方法]以日本沼虾为材料,利用溶血试验和糖抑制试验测定其血清溶血素的溶血活性和糖抑制性,分析外界因子对其活性的影响。[结果]日本沼虾血清溶血素对鱼和鸡血细胞的敏感性较高。D-葡萄糖对日本沼虾血清溶血素有促进作用,而D-甘露糖、D-山梨糖、α-乳糖、L-鼠李糖,D-阿拉伯糖则有抑制作用。在50～60℃条件下溶血素的溶血作用较强,70℃及以上血清发生变性,无溶血活性。该溶血素pH作用范围广,在pH 2～12内对鸡血细胞都有溶血作用,其中pH 6～9溶血效果较好。最适盐度范围为3～5。溶血素对金属离子Cu2+敏感,其活性被完全抑制。敌百虫和乙酰甲胺磷可影响溶血素活性。葎草、生姜黄酮和葎草、桑叶多糖可增强日本沼虾血清的溶血活性。[结论]日本沼虾血清溶血素活性可随环境条件的影响而变化,具有一定的稳定性,是虾类免疫反应的重要组成部分。

[Objective] The research aimed to provide scientific basis and basic materials for further understanding the immunologic mechanism of shrimp.[Method]Using Macrobrnahium nipponese as test materials,the hemolytic activity and glycoinhabiting action in the serum were determined by hemolysis test and glycoinhabiting test.And the effects of external factors on the hemolytic activity were analyzed.[Result] The hemolysin in the serum of M.nipponese showed higher sensitivity to erythrocytes of fish and chicken.D-glucose had promotion on hemolysin in the serum of M.nipponese,but D-mannose,D-sorbose,α-lactose,L-rhamnose and D-arabinose had inhibitory effects.The hemolysis of hemolysin at 50-60 ℃ was stronger,but it denatured and lost its hemolytic activity above 70 ℃.Hemolysin had wide pH range,and it had hemolytic effects on chicken erythrocytes in the range of pH 2-12.And the hemolytic effects was better in pH 6-9.The optimum salinity range was 3-5.Hemolysin was sensitive to Cu 2 ＋ and its activity was completely inhibited.Methamidophos and dipterex could affect hemolysin activity.The flavonoids from Humulus scandens,Zingiber officinale and polysaccharides from H.scandens and Morus alba L leaves could enhance the hemolytic activity in the serum of M.nipponese.[Conclusion] The hemolytic activity in the serum of M.nipponese could be influenced by environmental factors and had certain stability.And hemolysin was an important component of shrimp’s immune system.