50例吸入性窒息死亡的法医学鉴定分析

Forensic Identification of 50 Cases of Aspiration Asphyxia Death

目的探讨吸入性窒息死亡案例的法医学鉴定要点,为其法医学鉴定工作提供帮助.方法收集昆明医科大学司法鉴定中心1990年1月至2012年1月间吸入性窒息死亡案例50例,对吸入性窒息死亡案例的性别、年龄、吸入原因、窒息征象、堵塞部位等因素回顾性分析.结果吸入性窒息常见于婴幼儿,其次是青壮年.新生儿多为羊水吸入,婴幼儿多在肺炎、脑炎、脑膜炎等疾病的基础上引发吸入性窒息,中青年吸入性窒息的发生原因则较多.窒息征象受吸入物性状、数量、堵塞部位、窒息过程的长短等多方面因素影响.结论参考上述吸入性窒息死亡的流行病学特征,鉴定时结合现场、案情及全面系统的尸体检验、毒化检验,才能作出科学客观的鉴定结论.

Objective To investigate the forensic identification points of deaths caused by aspiration asphyxia,and provide the help to daily work of forensic identification.Methods We collected 50 cases died of aspiration asphyxia in Judicial Identification of Center Kunming Medical University from 1990 to 2012,and retrospectively analyzed the gender,age,inhalation causes,choking sign,and obstructive site.Results Aspiration asphyxia was the most common in infants and young children,secondly in young adults.Newborn infants always died by amniotic fluid aspiration,babies got aspiration asphyxia based on diseases like pneumonia, encephalitis,and meningitis,and more reasons caused this in young adults.Choking signs were impacted by the factors like inhalation traits,inhaled amount,obstructive site,time of asphyxia process.Conclusion With the reference to the epidemiological characteristics above-mentioned of aspiration asphyxia death,combined with case scene,comprehensive necropsy,and toxicological examination in identification work,can make a scientific and objective appraisal conclusion.