小麦三属杂交后代的分子细胞遗传学检测

Molecular Cytogenetic Detection of Offspring in Wheat Trigeneric Hybridization

对八倍体小偃麦"麦草8号"(AABBDDEE,2N=56)和六倍体小黑麦"哈师209"(AABBRR,2N=42)杂交的F3代90个植株进行分子标记和细胞遗传学鉴定。3对R、E和St染色体组特异分子标记鉴定结果表明,R组特异引物PSC119.1扩增出750bp片段,E组特异引物P3、P4扩增出982bp片段,St组特异引物St542扩增出750bp和450bp片段,F3植株均具有R、E和St染色体组成分;形态学和细胞学检测结果表明,F3植株高大繁茂,多花多粒,籽粒饱满,抗病;花粉母细胞的单价体数逐渐减少(2～9),二价体数逐渐增加(17～26),根尖细胞染色体数变动在47～56,可从中选育具有E组抗病、多花,R组大穗、多小穗和St组抗寒等综合性状好的材料,可作为小麦遗传改良的新种质。这些结果为创制小麦-偃麦草-黑麦三属杂交新种质研究和品种选育提供了信息和材料基础。

The molecular marker and cytogenetics identification for 90 plants of F3 from Octoploid Trititrigia ＂Wheat grass 8＂ （AABBDDEE, 2N=56） x Hexaploid Triticale ＂Hashi209＂ （AABBRR, 2N=42）. The result of three pairs of specific molecular marker on R, E and St genome showed that R group specific primers PSC119.1 amplified 750 bp fragment, E group specific primers P3, P4 amplified 982 bp fragment, St group specific primers St542 amplified 750 bp and 450 bp fragment, which indicated F3 plants contained the ingredient of R, E, St genome. The results of detection on morphology and cytology showed that F3 plants were high and luxuriant, flowery and multi-grain, full seed and resistance to disease. The univalent was gradually tapered （2-9） in pollen mother cell, the bivalent was increased （17-26）, and the chromosome number of root tip cells was among 47-56. The materials can be chosen for the new germplasms on wheat genetic improvement, which have the character on resistance to disease and flowery from E genome, big spike, more spikelet from R genome and cold resistance from St genome. The research provides therotical and material bases for creating wheat-Thinopyrum-rye three genera hybrid and variety breeding.