齿科用镍铬合金材料的生物安全性能

Biological security of nickel-chromium alloys in the dentistry

背景:镍铬烤瓷合金在口腔修复中的应用广泛,合金中离子的释放对人体可能存在毒副作用或不良生物学反应。目的:从齿科用镍铬合金材料中镍金属的细胞毒性、合金中镍离子析出量、临床安全性等方面做一阐述。方法:检索2004至2009年PubMed数据库(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed)及万方数据库(http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn)有关齿科用镍铬合金材料生物安全性能的文献。英文检索词为"Ni-Cralloy,cytotoxicity,prosthodontics,security",中文检索词为"镍铬合金,细胞毒性,口腔修复,安全性"。保留14篇文章归纳总结。结果与结论:镍铬合金临床应用时间长,由于其价格低廉,与金瓷结合效果较好,制作工艺相对容易,故在口腔修复中应用广泛。近年来镍铬合金的不良作用普遍受到关注,但尚无证据证明镍铬烤瓷有毒性离子释放析出于口腔唾液环境中,可能对口腔接触细胞及全身产生毒性反应;目前已知检测手段证明其在临床应用的许可范围内。在烤瓷全冠制作时应选用含铬质量系数高的镍铬合金。

BACKGROUND： Nickel-chromium alloys have been widely applied in the oral restoration. Ions released from the alloy, however, exert a side effect or result in adverse biological reactions. OBJECTIVE： To review the cytotoxicity of nickel metal used in nickel-chromium alloy, the amount of precipitation of nickel ions from the alloy, and clinical safety of nickel-chromium alloy materials. METHODS： A computer-based search of PubMed and Wanfang databases was performed for articles related to biological security of nickel-chromium alloys in the oral restoration published between 2004 and 2009. The key words were Ni-Cr alloy, cytotoxicity, prosthodontics, security in English and Chinese, respectively. Finally, 14 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Nickel-chromium alloy has been clinically used for a long time. Because of its low price, good combination with gold porcelain, and relatively simple production process, the nickel-chromium alloy has been widely applied in the oral restoration. In recent years, adverse effects of nickel-chromium alloy have received widespread concern. But there is no evidence that the toxic ionsreleased from nickel-chromium porcelain were precipitated in saliva environment, probably resulting in toxic reaction to cells exposed to the oral and the whole body. It has been proved that the nickel-chromium alloy can be allowed for clinical application. It should be noted that nickel-chromium alloys with higher content of chromium is preferred in the preparation of porcelain crowns.