采收时间对玫瑰香葡萄果实品质及芳香化合物组分的影响

Effects of Harvesting Time on Fruit Quality and Aromatic Compounds in Muscat Hamburg Grape

使用固相微萃取技术及气相-质谱联用技术测定不同采收时期玫瑰香葡萄果实芳香化合物相对含量,研究采收期对葡萄果实品质及芳香物质组分的影响。结果表明,10月10日采收的玫瑰香果实总糖、可溶性固形物、原花色素分别为20.09%,21.3%和5.53 mg/g,均显著高于较早采收。8月24日、9月8日、9月21日、10月10日采收的芳香化合物检出种类分别为41,34,36,39种。各采收期果实中萜醇类化合物相对含量分别为52.98%,58.29%,70.91%,43.62%;9月8日、9月21日采收时气味最重的里那醇相对含量最高,分别为29.47%和49.02%;具有浓郁的花香、香脂香、玫瑰香的香芹醇、松油醇、氧化里那醇、á-月桂烯、3-蒈烯的相对含量也显著高于8月24日和10月10日采收。10月10日采收的果实中,具有刺激气味的壬烷酸、2,4-二(1,1-二甲基乙基)-苯酚、4,6-二-叔-丁基-m-甲苯酚、牛儿基乙烯基醚的相对含量显著增加;影响采后贮藏品质的乙醇相对含量较高;10月10日采收较8月24日、9月8日、9月21日采收分别增加了103.77%,77.05%,39.35%。说明在玫瑰香成熟过程中,萜醇类化合物对果实风味的贡献更大,因此,天津地区玫瑰香的最佳采收期应在9月中下旬。

In order to investigate the effect of different harvesting time on fruit quality and aroma composition of Muscat Hamburg′ grape,solid phase micro-extraction（SPME） and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC/MS） were used for determination the relative content of aromatic compounds in different harvesting time.The results showed the total sugar,SSC and peel primary anthocyanin content of harvested on October 10th were 20.09%,21.3% and 5.53 mg/g and they were significantly higher than earlier harvested treatments.The kinds of aroma composition of Muscat Hamburg grape harvested on August 24th,September 8th,September 21st,October 10th were 41,34,36 and 39 respectively.The relative content of terpenols alcohols in different harvesting time were 52.98%,58.29%,70.91%,43.62% respectively;the relative content of linalool harvested on September 8th and September 21st were the highest which had the most heavy odor aroma composition,they were 29.47% and 49.02% respectively.The relative content of dihydrocarveol,Terpineol,Linalool oxide,-Myrcene,3-Carene with heavy flavour of potpourri,balsam,rose aroma were all significantly higher than that on August 24th and October 10th.The relative content of 2,4-bis（1,1-dimethylethyl）-Phenol,4,6-di-tert-Butyl-m-cresol,Geranyl vinyl ether with pungent odour were significantly increased in fruits of harvesting October 10th;And the relative content of ethanol which influenced the grape′s postharvest storage quality respectively increased 103.77%,77.05%and 39.36% compared with that on August 24th,September 8th and September 21st.It is showed that the terpenols alcohols contributes more fruit flavor in maturation process of Muscat Hamburg′ grape;So the best harvesting time of Muscat Hamburg′ grape was the last 20-day period of September in Tianjin.