芝麻太空诱变效应及AFLP标记检测

Effects of Space-induced Mutation and Analysis of Polymorphsim by AFLP Molecular Marker in Sesame

为了探索太空环境对不同芝麻品种的诱变效应,以实践8号卫星搭载的豫芝11号、日本黑芝麻、郑芝D15、郑芝05N01、郑芝06ms198等5个芝麻品种为材料,分析了太空诱变对芝麻SP3与SP4世代农艺性状和抗性变异的影响,并对豫芝11号、日本黑芝麻及其诱变后代进行了AFLP分子标记检测。结果表明:不同芝麻品种经太空诱变后在叶型、蒴型、花色、生育期、株高、始蒴部位、黄稍尖、单株蒴数、千粒质量、产量和抗病性上均产生了变异,品种间突变类型及突变频率均存在差异,抗性性状有正向增加的趋势,但农艺性状负向突变较正向突变幅度大。与对照(未经太空诱变)相比,株高、始蒴部位、黄稍尖、单株蒴数、千粒质量、产量最高分别增加了53 cm,77 cm,16 cm,122个/株,0.53 g,478.54 kg/hm2,下降了36 cm,30 cm,19 cm,197个/株,0.64 g,1 013.81 kg/hm2;对豫芝11号和日本黑芝麻的SP4世代变异进行AFLP分子检测,豫芝11号39个诱变后代的遗传距离在0.128 8～0.488 5,72%的植株遗传距离在0.12～0.25,平均遗传距离为0.25,日本黑芝麻17个诱变后代的遗传距离在0.289 7～1.301 3,37.5%的植株遗传距离在0.178 3～0.499 6,平均遗传距离为0.687 6。由此表明,太空诱变具有多方向性和随机性,芝麻不同品种对太空诱变的敏感性不同。

The seeds of five sesame varieties（Yuzhi No.11,Japan black sesame,Zhengzhi D15,Zhengzhi 05N01 and Zhengzhi 06ms198 were carried to space for inducing mutation by Shijian 8 satellite.The agronomic trait and resistant variants of SP3 and SP4 were observed,and the genetic diversity of mutation descendants of Yuzhi NO.11 and Japan black sesame was analyzed using 16 pair of AFLP markers.The results showed that the variants of leaf,capsule,flower color,childbearing period,plant height,first capsule height,yellow apex length,capsule number per plant,1000-seed weight,yield and disease resistance were observed in SP3 and SP4 of different sesame varieties,but the variation frequency and variation type were significantly different among different sesame varieties.The agronomic traits showed more negative mutations than positive mutations,but resistance traits had more positive mutations.Compared to CK（without space mutation）,the plant height,first capsule height,yellow apex length,capsule number per plant,1000-seed weight and yield increased by 53 cm,77 cm,16 cm,122/plant,0.53 g,478.54 kg/ha for positive mutation respectively,and decreased by 36 cm,30 cm,19 cm,197/plant,0.64 g,1 013.81 kg/ha for negative mutation respectively.AFLP analysis indicated that the genetic distance of Yuzhi No.11 was 0.128 8-0.488 5,of which 72% was from 0.12 to 0.25 and the average genetic distance was 0.25.The genetic distance of Japan black sesame was from 0.289 7 to 1.301 3,of which 37.5% was from 0.178 3 to 0.499 6 and the average was 0.687 6.It was concluded that the space-induced mutation had no direction and great randomness,and the sensitivity was different in sesame varieties.