长江三角洲地下水开采的负环境效应及其防治

The negative environmental effects of groundwater exploitation in the Yangtze River Delta and their preventive countermeasures

长江三角洲位于以上海为中心的经济发达区，是我国经济实力最强、产业规模最大的地区。但是，随着经济的高速发展和人口的高度集中，也进一步加剧了对地下水的需求，使三角洲大部分地区普遍出现地下水位大幅下降，从而引起各种环境负效应，如地面沉降、地裂缝、地面塌陷、海水入侵和水质污染等，严重影响了长江三角洲经济可持续发展和人民群众生活质量的提高。本文对长江三角洲因地下水强烈开采而出现的一系列环境地质灾害进行了总结和讨论，并初步提出了有关防治对策和建议。

The Yangtze River Delta around Shanghai is the largest,richest and most developed area in China. But at same time economic high - speed development and high - density population have further aggravated requirements of groundwater exploitation yet, and show universally groundwater lowering by a wide margin in the most part of the delta, and give rise to all kinds of negative environmental effects, such as ground subsidence, geofracture , land collapse, sea - water encroachment, water - quality pollution and so on, grievously harming economic sustainable development and improvement of the people's life quality in the Yangtze River Delta. A Series of environmental geological hazards are analyzed and discussed as a result of the intense groundwater exploitation in the Yangtze River Delta, and some related preventive countermeasures and proposes are put forward in this article.