祁连山人工林凋落物和土壤水分特性的研究

Study on litters and soil moisture characteristics of different plantations in Qilian Mountains

为了解不同人工林林分凋落物和土壤水分特性,给祁连山区植被恢复重建提供科学依据,以1984年营造的青海云杉+落叶松混交林、山丹柳灌木林、青海云杉+灌木混交林、沙棘林和灌木混交林为研究对象,对其土壤物理性质、枯落物和土壤水分特征进行了研究。研究结果表明:(1)不同人工林植被恢复类型对土壤孔隙度的影响具有:青海云杉+落叶松混交林>青海云杉+灌木混交林>山丹柳灌木林>沙棘林>灌木混交林的特征;(2)5种人工林类型凋落物量和最大持水量分别具有:青海云杉+落叶松混交林>青海云杉+灌木混交林>山丹柳灌木林>沙棘林>灌木混交林和青海云杉+落叶松混交林>青海云杉+灌木混交林>山丹柳灌木林>灌木混交林>沙棘林的特征;(3)5种不同人工林植被类型中,土壤渗透性能以青海云杉+落叶松混交林最好,林地表土层(0～20 cm)稳渗速率达18.87 mm/min,高于灌木混交林66.7%,高于沙棘林50.24%;贮水量最高的是青海云杉+落叶松混交林(5 192.4 t/hm2),最低的是灌木混交林(4 347.4 t/hm2);土壤渗透速率和贮水量具有:青海云杉+落叶松混交林﹥青海云杉+灌木混交林﹥山丹柳灌木林﹥沙棘林﹥灌木混交林的特征。

In order to provide scientific basis of vegetation restoration and reconstruction in Qilian Mountains,the soil physical structure,litters and soil water characteristics of different plantations were investigated with Picea crassifolia and Larix spp.mixed forest,Salix shandanensis shrubbery,Picea crassifolia and shrubbery mixed forest,sea buckthorn and shrubbery mixed forest as the studied objects.The results indicate that（1） The influences of vegetation restoration of plantation types on soil porosity in different plantations ranked from high to small： P.crassifolia and Larix spp.mixed forest P.crassifolia and shrubbery mixed forest S.shandanensis shrubbery sea buckthorn forest shrubbery mixed forest;（2） The litter stock and maximum water holding capacity in five kinds of plantations ordered from high to low：P.crassifolia and Larix spp.mixed forest P.crassifolia and shrubbery mixed forest S.shandanensis shrubbery sea buckthorn forest shrubbery mixed forest and P.crassifolia and Larix spp.mixed forest P.crassifolia and shrubbery mixed forest S.shandanensis shrubbery shrubbery mixed forest sea buckthorn forest;（3） Of the five vegetation restoration types,the soil permeability of P.crassifolia and Larix spp.mixed forest was the best,the steady infiltration rate of woodland overburden（0 ~ 20 cm） was 18.87 mm/min,higher 66.7% than the shrubbery mixed forest,and higher 50.24% than sea buckthorn forests;the P.crassifolia mixed forest and Larix spp.Had the highest pondage（5192.4 t/hm2）,the mixed forest of shrubbery has the lowest pondage（4347.4 t/hm2）;Soil seepage velocity and pondage sequenced by magnitude： P.crassifolia and Larix spp.mixed forest P.crassifolia and shrubbery mixed forest S.shandanensis shrubbery sea buckthorn forest shrubbery mixed forest.