伊比利亚型—— 一种新类型块状硫化物矿床地质地球化学及成因

IBERIAN TYPE——A NEW TYPE OF MASSIVE SULPHIDE DEPOSITS AND THE GEOLOGY,GEOCHEMISTRY AND GENETIC MODEL

块状硫化物矿床主要有两种类型 :火山岩容矿型 (如日本黑矿 )和沉积岩容矿型 (如加拿大苏利文矿床 )。近年来 ,在西班牙和葡萄牙的伊比利亚区发现了一条长 2 50 km,宽 2 5～ 70 km的黄铁矿带 ,其中产有若干世界级的超大型锡多金属块状硫化物矿床。根据对这些矿床的地质特征、成矿流体包裹体、H、O、S、Pb同位素及成矿环境和成矿模式的研究表明 ,它们具有明显不同于火山岩容矿型或沉积岩容矿型块状硫化物矿床的特征 ,而是一种新类型的块状硫化物矿床 ,称之为伊比利亚型。

Massive sulphide deposits include volc anic and sedimentary hosted types(i.e., VHMS and SHMS),such as Kuroko in Japan a nd Sullivan in Canada,respectively.The Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB),located in the SW Iberian Peninsula,is 250 km long and 25 to 70 km wide,and contains many Paleo zoic giant and supergiant massive sulphide deposits including the largest indivi dual massive sulphide bodies on Earth.Based on the research of geology,fluid inc lusions,H,O,S and Pb isotopes,depositional environments and genetic models of th e IPB,these deposits show major differences from the general VHMS and SHMS depos its.Hence the IPB deposits are considered as a sub-type of massive sulphide dep osits (the Iberian type),which is intermediate between volcanic and sedimentary hosted massive sulphide types.In this paper,we summarize the latest advances on the study of the IPB massive sulfide deposits.