南极洲地质矿产概况

A SUMMARY OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES OF ANTARCTICA

南极洲主要可分为东南极地盾及西南极中新生代褶皱带两大构造单元。两者之间的横贯南极山脉具有过渡性质 ,由基底与盖层构成。基底为由元古宙及下古生界组成的双构造层基底 ;盖层则由泥盆系—二叠系组成。侏罗纪中期 ,冈瓦纳大陆开始裂解。白垩纪晚期 ,南极大陆向南移动 ,并于中新世早期到达现在位置。东南极的矿产以铁为主 ,其主要类型是前寒武纪条带状铁建造。横贯南极山脉产出与罗斯期 (奥陶纪 )花岗岩有关的U、Th矿化 ,与侏罗纪杜费克基性杂岩体有关的Fe、Ti、Cr、Ni、Cu及铂族元素矿化 ,煤矿赋存于二叠系冲积层中。西南极褶皱带产出与中新生代岩浆活动有关的铜多金属矿化。东南极大陆架、威德尔海、罗斯海及南极半岛地区为油气潜在的远景地区 。

Antarctica can be divided into 2 big structural units, ie East antarctica shield and West Antarctica Mesozoic Cenozoic fold belt. And the Transantarctica Mts between them is a transitional zone composed of basement and covering strata. The former is a bi structure of Proterozoic and Early Palaeozoic. And the latter consists of Devonian Permian. In Mid Jurassic, Gondwana began separation. In Late Cretaceous, Antarctica moved southwards and to the present position in Early Miocene. The mineral resources are mainly Precambrian stripped iron formation in East Antarctica, U, Th mineralization connected with Ordovician granite, Fe, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pt group elements mineralization connected with Jurassic basic complex and Permian alluvial coal beds in Transantarctica Mts, Cu polymetallic mineralization connected with Mesozoic Cenozoic magmatism in West Antarctica. There are oil gas potential areas in East Antarctica shelf, Weddell Sea, Ross Sea and Antarctica Peninsula. And Bitumen and gas have been discovered by a drill hole in Ross Sea.