基于DEA的河北省休闲农业评价研究——以河北省休闲农业与乡村旅游示范点为例

Evaluation of leisure agriculture based on DEA in Hebei Province—The case of Hebei leisure agriculture and rural tourism demonstration sites

休闲农业是现代经济高度发展的产物,它对于现代农业的发展具有重要的作用。探求休闲农业评价方法,进行河北省休闲农业评价,对于规范提升河北省休闲农业与乡村旅游的发展,引领全国休闲农业与乡村旅游持续健康发展具有一定现实意义。本文运用数据包络分析法(data envelopment analysis,DEA),对2011年河北省12个休闲农业与乡村旅游示范点,分别从综合效益、经济效益、社会效益方面进行了有效性实证测度,并从效率、规模收益、指标射线量和松弛变量等方面进行了分析。结果表明:河北省休闲农业整体效率偏低,只有6家综合技术效率有效;单就经济效益和社会效益而言,分别只有2家示范点处于综合技术效率有效水平。示范点发展模式小而全,12家示范点中有3家示范点在体验项目和旅游要素种类投入上处于"超量"的低效率状态。管理水平的服务质量偏低,4家示范点从业科技人员投入处于"超量"状态。在社会效益评价中,有1家安置当地就业处于"亏量"状态;经济效益评价中,4家经济效益处于"亏量"状态。该研究结果在一定程度上可为政府部门在政策扶持、理顺管理、公共服务、营造环境,以及调动社会力量和行业协会的积极性,以共筑休闲农业发展良好局面等提供决策支持。

Leisure agriculture as a product of modern economic development has played a critical role in the development of modern agriculture.Current developments of leisure agriculture in China have been good.Despite the several methods of evaluation of leisure agriculture,this study developed a new method of evaluation of leisure agriculture in Hebei Province.This study was practically significant in promoting the development of leisure agriculture and rural tourism in Hebei Province.Leisure agriculture,a dual agriculture and tourism practice,basically characterized by marketing,science technology,spectatorship,experience,culture,education,ecology,etc.Leisure agriculture and rural tourism demonstration sites have been typically selected by the Ministry of Agriculture and National Tourism Administration.Data Envelopment Analysis is a linear programming method for assessing the relative effectiveness of a set of conditions.It has often been used in multiple input-output scenarios.Efficiency of the input-output analysis and scale effect analysis were conducted in this study.Using a total of 12 leisure agriculture and rural tourism demonstration sites in Hebei Province for 2011,representative analyses and measures of comprehensive,economic and social benefits along with efficiency and scale benefit analyses were conducted.The results showed that overall efficiency of leisure agriculture in Hebei Province was low,and as such,needed increasing investment to attain rapid development.Six out of 12 leisure agriculture and rural tourism demonstration sites in Hebei Province was effective in comprehensive technology efficiency.As for economic or social benefits,only 2 sites were effective.Three sites were low in efficiency of investment in experience projects and tourism element type.Four sites were excessive in scientific and technological personnel.There was need to change small and fully equipped developmental patterns and to confirm scale development direction,especially for leisure experience projects.The main body of leisure agriculture management needed improving management level and service quality.According to social and economic evaluation,1 site was deficient in employing population,and 4 sites were deficient in economic benefit.This required that based on park technology,relevant departments and main management body met not only economic benefits of improved leisure agriculture,but also increased social benefits of local employment.With government policy support（e.g.,streamline management,public services,etc.）,leisure agriculture development was obtainable and applicable to full market forces.This was good for mobilizing enthusiastic social forces and industrial associations for a full market research.That purpose provided decision support for building a good condition for the development of leisure agriculture in China.